The recent explosion in the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) models has the potential to reshape the global economy. As the power of AI rapidly evolves, so does the science on how firms and governments can adopt these tools, how AI impacts productivity and labor demand, and who will ultimately win and lose as these transformative technologies proliferate. The rapid pace of change and AI's potential impact underscore the need for rigorous research on this topic to help better understand the landscape, shape appropriate policy responses, and forecast changes yet to come.

AI tools are sufficiently novel that new measurements and experiments are needed to understand their uses and impacts. How workers may interact with an LLM, for example, is not easily understood on the basis of historical evidence. Careful experimentation with new tools at real-world organizations is crucial. At the same time, given that seemingly every day a new tool arrives on the scene, deeper theoretical frameworks are crucial for building a more general understanding of the adoption and impacts of these transformative technologies.